[30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. [116] The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since". One thing Elizabeth did insist upon was to reinstate herself as head of the Church. Elizabethan Settlement: Definition & Summary | StudySmarter Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new prayer book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the Great Ejection. While many people were either pro-Catholic or pro-Protestant, it is likely that many more were attracted to elements from both sides such as, for example, admiring the beautiful ornamentation of a gold crucifix yet favouring the use of English in services. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Changes needed to be introduced with a minimum of confrontation in order to overcome fear and suspicion at home and abroad. [73] They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. P-The Religious settlement was successful because there was much about it that was acceptable to most Catholics. Immediately, she established that England was not tied to Rome in any way. John Calvin, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship blasphemy. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Secondly, attendance of a Catholic mass was forbidden, those found guilty of this offence received a large fine. Henry VIII secured his position on the throne through violence in 1485 when he defeated Richard III. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. In 1564 there were shall engines to it from radical protestants and in 1 568 conservative Catholics also reacted against it.However despite such challenges, which were from a . In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at Rome and two more established in Spain. Roman Catholics, however, would have no such freedom. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. The Pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of Supreme Head, it merely said she could adopt it herself. [34] Edward's second regnal year ran from 28 January 1548 to 27 January 1549. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. What did the Elizabethan Religious Settlement do? How far could one's views about faith go before the established church could no longer accept them? Henry named Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, as regent for the young King Edward VI. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him. Why did Henry VIII break with the Catholic Church? [28], The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. In this address, Elizabeth deliberately disassociated herself from the unpopular regime under Queen Mary I by signalling how hers would be different. Act of Supremacy (1559): This Act established Elizabeth I as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. With your support millions of people learn about history entirely for free, every month. In 1539, Henry tried to walk back some of his more Lutheran-leaning reforms and make the Church of England more Catholic by reaffirming transubstantiation and celibacy for clerics. The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving. [76] Initially, recusant priests advised the laity to simply abstain from Protestant communion. [60], Devotional singing at home was shared between family and friends. Justification by faith alone, meaning that salvation is a gift from God received through faith. [56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Elizabeth I Sieve PortraitQuentin Metsys the Younger (Public Domain). It was a good start but finding the balance between radicals on either side of the religious debate was going to be more difficult than mere wordplay. [94] Rather, the Admonition's authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. She kept her crucifix and candles and dropped her plans to restore roods. The Elizabeth religious settlement was successfully - Quizlet It restored the 1552 version of the English Prayer Book but kept many of the familiar old practices and allowed for two interpretations of communion, one Catholic and one Protestant. Books The Council hoped that by separating them at least the Supremacy bill would pass. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. [38], In his "Puritan Choir" thesis, historian J. E. Neale argues that Elizabeth wanted to pursue a conservative policy but was pushed in a radical direction by a Protestant faction in the House of Commons. [2], During Edward's reign, the Church of England preached justification by faith alone as a central teaching,[3] in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the contrite person could cooperate with God towards their salvation by performing good works. Recently saved for the nation, the Armada Portrait commemorates the most famous conflict of Elizabeth I's reign the failed invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in summer 1588. Bacon outlined the course to reach this goal by explaining that members were not to insult each other with terms like 'heretic', 'schismatic' or 'Papist'. Edward VI believed that strict Protestantism was best for the Church of England, and his reforms undid all of the protections for traditional religion enacted in 1539. It included the Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, a new Book of Common Prayer, and the Thirty-Nine Articles. This division began during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. During this time, priests said Mass in Latin wearing traditional Catholic vestments. Elizabeth . The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. Nevertheless, many of the features of the Settlement such as replacing altars with communion tables, using English in services, and banning traditional mass services, remained in place over the following centuries and their effects can still be seen on today's Anglican Church. Essentially, the act returned churches to their appearance in 1549 CE. James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction. Although it did not heal the divide brought on by the Reformation, it did stabilize the Church of England, and many of the religious decisions made during the Elizabethan Settlement period remain part of the Anglican church today. When Henry died in 1547, the Protestants gained the upper hand. Immediately after becoming Queen, she created the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Please support World History Encyclopedia. The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the alb, cope and chasuble. [11], Elizabeth's religious views were Protestant, though "peculiarly conservative". Seven bishops, including Cardinal Pole, Mary's Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1558 and needed to be replaced. Cartwright, Mark. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the Second Commandment. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559) - Elizabeth I of England . 5 Etching of Elizabeth I in Parliament. The Religious Settlement was an effort by Elizabeth I to unite the country. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize and more. Elizabeth was seemingly a moderate in religious views and she wished above all to avoid the bloody scenes of executed martyrs that her predecessor had presided over. The Elizabethan Settlement provided the foundation for the Church of England, much of which is still in place today. Implemented between 1559 and 1563, the settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation, permanently shaping the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and laying the foundations of Anglicanism's unique identity. The next sovereign was Catholic Mary I of England (r. 1553-1558 CE), and she reversed the Reformation. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the consecration. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. Search here. All members of the Church had to take the oath of supremacy under the Act of Supremacy if they were to keep their posts. This iconic portrait isnow back on public display in the Queen's House after careful conservation. Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. However, this stance hardened over time. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation passed from 1559 to 1571 that intended to provide a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. What was the Elizabethan Religious Settlement? The settlement itself was written out in two Acts of Parliament, the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity 1559. [110] Many Puritans, however, were unwilling to conform to it. Thomas Sampson, a Marian exile, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood. In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the Advertisements, and the most popular and effective Protestant preachers were suspended for non-compliance. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - No Fear History William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520-1598 CE) was Elizabeth Thomas Cranmer served as the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603 CE. However, those who refused to comply were persecuted. When Edward VI died, his sister Mary I became queen. Hard-line Protestants and Catholics in England were both dissatisfied with Elizabeth's pragmatic stance as she went for a more middle-of-the-road approach which appealed to the largely indifferent majority of her subjects. When not in use, it was to be oriented north to south, the same as an altar. So much flipping back and forth between Protestantism and Catholicism left the country deeply divided. Henry wished to dissolve his marriage to Catherine and to be remarried to Anne Boleyn, but Pope Clement VII refused. Taxes that had been paid to Rome were, as before Mary's reign, redirected to the English government. Was there a middle ground between Catholics and Protestants? [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. The Royal Injunctions of July 1559 CE set out a further 57 regulations for the Church of England to follow. But that does not mean that it was never again contested. 10 of Elizabeth I's Key Achievements | History Hit "The Elizabethan Religious Settlement." Christians must not make oaths for civic duty. Yes and no. "It was worthwhile for Elizabeth's government to throw the Lutherans a few theological scraps, and the change also chimed with the queen's personal inclination to Lutheran views on eucharistic presence. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by Judith Maltby) were becoming a majority. The English Civil War and overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement for a period. It seemed that out of sight was out of mind, and this principle would apply to practising Christians of both sides in the debate. [71], In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. However, Ronald Hutton argues that certain Catholic elements such as altars were present in some regional churches as late as 1567, demonstrating a reluctance to convert to the new Church. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. The revised Act of Supremacy still abolished papal supremacy, but defined Elizabeth as Supreme Governor, rather than Supreme Head, of the church. [115] It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. [75], Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Later, she decided that roods should be restored in parish churches. The Church that Elizabeth created is unique. All members of the Church had to take the oath of supremacy under the Act of Supremacy if they were to keep their posts. [21], When the Queen's first Parliament opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement. . This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. This illustrated guide gives an overview of the context, creation and significance of the Portrait, alongside evaluation of Elizabeths legacy A wondrous decorative ornament inspired by the armillary sphere astronomical instrument. it seems, apart from the absence of images, that there is little difference between their ceremonies and those of the Church of Rome. From the Arminians, it gained a theology of episcopacy and an appreciation for liturgy. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. Returning to Protestantism would align England with the Dutch, its main trading partner, but risked antagonising Spain, the most powerful nation in the world. The main features of the settlement include: establishing a Church of England that included Protestant beliefs and the Catholic hierarchical structure and making Queen Elizabeth I Supreme Governor of the Church. All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles (Robert Horne, Thomas Becon, Thomas Bentham, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and Richard Davies), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible. Historians John Coffey and Paul C. H. Lim write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as cathedrals, church choirs, a formal liturgy contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and episcopal polity. Mary died in 1558, and England again faced upheaval in the name of religion. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. This was partially due to ambiguous doctrinal changes which did not greatly affect everyday life, among other factors. How successful was the Elizabethan religious settlement? [82] Afterwards, efforts to identify recusants and force them to conform increased. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. While most people conformed, a minority of recusants remained loyal Roman Catholics. Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an Oath of Supremacy. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (15581603). The upheaval by yet another major religious reform resulted in rebellion in many English provinces. Anne gave birth to Henry's daughter; Elizabeth I and Henry was undoubtedly disappointed again. [66], The settlement of 1559 had given Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England.