At the time, individuals providing testimonies may have feared for the safety of themselves and their families if they provided this personal information and therefore purposefully not included identifiable information or gave false information to protect their anonymity. Yesterday, online records related to the Kindertransport children became available through FindMyPast: This is a fascinating collection of digitised government documents relating to the Kindertransport operation, dating from 1939 to 1945, held by The National Archives. rev2023.4.21.43403. Questions of finance, welfare and religious upbringing were issues which aroused criticism and conflict. Although no records exist of the methodology for gathering this specific set of testimonies, Wiener Library staff speculate that they were sourced using the JCIOs several usual modes of information gathering: face to face interviews, telephone conversations, letters and written reports, selecting and cropping newspaper articles, and obtaining informal intelligence via conversations and correspondence with other organisations and contacts. She persevered however, until finally, as she wrote in her biography, Eichmann suddenly "gave" her 600 children with the clear intent of overloading her and making a transport on such short notice impossible. JewishGen's Holocaust Database. The Kindertransport was a British scheme to rescue nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi occupied territories. They hold a set of the KTA Oral History Project interviews and have many Kindertransport documents. Without the original correspondenceto refer to, we have to rely on the transcriptions available to us. Escape From Berlin (2013), a novel by Irene N. Watts, is the fictional account of two Jewish girls, Marianne Kohn and Sophie Mandel, who fled Berlin through the Kindertransport. Number of Names or Other Entries-- Approx. [43] The work by artist Ian Wolter is a life-size, bronze sculpture of five Kindertransport refugees descending a ships gangplank. Most were from a Berlin Jewish orphanage burned by the Nazis during the night of 9 November, and the others were from Hamburg. And the policeman smiled - 10,000 children escape from Nazi Europe (1990, Bloomsbury Publishing) by Barry Turner, relates the tales of those who organised the Kindertransporte, the families who took them in and the experiences of the Kinder. Companion book to the Oscar-winning documentary, Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport with expanded stories from the film and additional interviews not included in the film. The programme was supported, publicised, and encouraged by the British government, which waived the visa immigration requirements that were not within the ability of the British Jewish community to fulfil. From 15 March 1939, with the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, transports from Prague were hastily organised. Refugee children applying for the Girl Guides warrants. [citation needed]. Are there any extant records of Imperial subjects who moved to Britain? "Collar the Lot," by Peter and Leni Gillman, Quartet Books Limited, London (1980), "Striking Back" by Peter Masters, Presideo Press, CA (1997). This particular document may not be what one normally has in mind when one thinks of a testimony. To have to learn to live with strangers, who only spoke English, and accept them as "pseudo-parents", was a trauma. [55], Nearly all the interned 'friendly enemy aliens' were refugees who had fled Hitler and Nazism, and nearly all were Jewish. Possibly the most well-known example of these rescue operations involved individual British families agreeing to "host" children from Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic through a program known as Kindertransport.Through this program, organized by Sir Nicholas Winton, an estimated 10,000 refugee children, most of them Jewish, were housed in the United Kingdom during . How would you describe the mood of the letters? UK passenger lists do not generally record travel within Europe: see TNA. A party left Prague on 3 September 1939, but was sent back.[40]. The first of the Kinder arrived in December 1938. From these ports, they sailed to Harwich. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Older refugee children became fully aware of the war in Europe during the period of 19391945 and would become concerned for their parents. It was typically the case that children were told to write whilst on the journey and that postcards were collected from them at a certain point and sent. Website designed by Addicott Web. [47][48] Winton's mother also worked with him to place the children in homes, and later hostels, with a team of sponsors from groups like Maidenhead Rotary Club and Rugby Refugee Committee. Attenborough's parents were among those who responded to the appeal for families to foster the refugee children; they took in two girls. This list may not be complete. In addition to the issues of identity outlined above, names and words may have been spelled incorrectly when they were transcribed from oral testimony or from written documents. The refugees are to be provided for at a holiday camp at Dovercourt Bay near Harwich until accommodation can be arranged for them in private houses. Proposals to send some refugee children to the US. It was produced by Deborah Oppenheimer, daughter of a Kindertransport child,[70] and written and directed by three-time Oscar winner Mark Jonathan Harris. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? Holocaust survivors --Societies, etc. Adding EV Charger (100A) in secondary panel (100A) fed off main (200A). What were the resettlement options (holiday summer camps, hostels, and foster homes)? These children came to the United Kingdom as part of the Kindertransport and were being, Kindertransports (Rescue operations) --Registers. Over the course of 10 months, the Kindertransport brought nearly 10,000 endangered children to England. The resources listed below are a good place to start. Source Institution: Kindertransport Association (KTA) PO Box 827 Upton, NY 11973 (also lists Anita Grosz P.O. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The English German Girl (2011), a novel by British writer Jake Wallis Simons, is the fictional account of a 15-year-old Jewish girl from Berlin who is brought to England via the Kindertransport operation. On December 2, 1938, the first Kindertransport arrived200 children from a . These rescue efforts brought thousands of refugee children, the vast majority of them Jewish, to Great Britain from Nazi Germany. The 'British Schindler' who saved 669 children from the Nazis The Wiener Holocaust Library does not hold a comprehensive list of Kindertransportees, yet many of our document collections refer to the Kindertransport. Try posting a query to the e-mail listserves at JewishGen.org -- they are a knowledgeable bunch and the site is free to use. Unfortunately, many records were lost or destroyed after the Kindertransport children were no longer under the care of the Committee, so not all searches may not will be successful. The train left Berlin on 1 December 1938, and arrived in Harwich on 2 December with 196 children. between 1938 and 1939, to the end of WWII. This list contains the names of the children who were able to flee abroad, mainly to England, on a Kindertransport in 1938 and 1939. Her parents were murdered in the Holocaust.,", "Herbert Wise, 'I, Claudius' Director, Dies at 90", "Kindertransport and KTA History: Kaddish in London", "News Weather followed by The Hostel BBC One London 5 July 1990 BBC Genome", "League of Professional Theatre Women biography", "My Knees Were Jumping: Remembering the Kindertransports", "Deborah Oppenheimer: Biography | The Kindertransport", "Train in honour of Jewish children rescuer Winton leaves Prague", "History matters but which one? The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Fill out an online request form, and researchers will search through a large collection of records. 100 Names. They were spurred by British public opinion and the persistent efforts of refugee aid committees. Thus they were treated as enemy aliensin this context meaning citizens of a country with whom England was at war and who were currently residing on English soil. Letters regarding the entry of refugee children into the UK. This first group of children was made up primarily of children from a Jewish orphanage in Berlin that was destroyed during the November Pogrom, but also included several boys who were old enough to be threatened with internment if they stayed, children of parents who were held in concentration camps, and children with only one parent (Fast 34). Others discovered that their parents had not survived the war. TTY: 202.488.0406. The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children (but not their parents) from Nazi-controlled territory that took place in 1938-1939 during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 children, most of them Jewish, from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Free City of Danzig. The Wiener Holocaust Library This research library and exhibit center in London is one of the worlds leading and most extensive archives on the Holocaust, the Nazi era and genocide. [11][a], Although Hoare declared that he and the Home Office "shall put no obstacle in the way of children coming here," the agencies involved had to find homes for the children and also fund the operation to ensure that none of the refugees would become a financial burden on the public. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Other ports in England receiving the children included Dover.[23][24]. The first of the Kinder arrived in December 1938. Guardianship of refugee children. As the Netherlands was under attack by German forces from 10 May and bombing had been going on, there was no opportunity to confer with the parents of the children. now focused on the administration and care of those children who had arrived before the outbreak of war. Some of the first unaccompanied child refugees to arrive in England as part of the Kindertransport. The Kitchener Camp online exhibition - Has a list of names of the Jewish men and boys who passed through Kitchener Camp. Jewish refugee children, part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) from Germany, upon arrival in Harwich. Through a British agent, Frank Foley, passport officer at the Berlin consulate, he kept British intelligence informed of Nazi activities. We apologize for any inconvenience. Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport (2000), narrated by Judi Dench and winner of the 2001 Academy Award for best feature documentary. 2021 The Wiener Holocaust Library. Why do men's bikes have high bars where you can hit your testicles while women's bikes have the bar much lower? Unit 2C, Life in Germany 1919-1945, OCR GCE History A The image is a digitised copy of the original record from The National Archives. Many of her 1213 German, Italian, and Austrian refugees, and internees (she was also carrying 86 German POWs) were ex-Kindertransport children. They were subsequently transcribed by an anonymous source and sent to the JCIO by somebody who identified himself as Herr Flrsheim (or MrFlrsheim) from Amsterdam. Although German officials claimed the attacks had been a result of public outrage against the Jews after the assassination of Ernst vom Rath, it is widely accepted that Nazi Party officials, the SA, and Hitler Youth instigated the attacks, with the assistance of German civilians. The Jewish Community in Berlin May know where the records listing children on trains from Berlin can be found (often children gathered in Berlin from other towns before departing), and may have records on children and their families from Berlin. A companion book with the same title expands upon the film. The groups, though considering all refugees, were specifically allied under a non-denominational organisation called the "Movement for the Care of Children from Germany". Created from personal experience[41]Frank Meisler's sculpture groups show both similarities and different design details and have since become the European route of children's transport. in some cases, street addresses. [Hicksville, NY : Kindertransport Association] Kindertransport Association. This database includes 674 records of children who arrived in [46] Under the loose direction of the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia, headed by Doreen Warriner, Winton spent three weeks in Prague compiling a list of children in Czechoslovakia, mostly Jewish, who were refugees from Nazi Germany. In the United States, the WagnerRogers Bill was introduced in Congress, which would have increased the quota of immigrants by bringing a total of 20,000 Jewish children, but due to opposition from Senator Robert Rice Reynolds, it never left the committee stage. I Came Alone: The Stories of the Kindertransports. Holocaust survivors --Registers. A possible enquiry question would be: What was Britains response to the child refugee problem in Nazi occupied countries? Again, these sources could be used to support school programmes which use survivor testimony. In particular, teenage children who held German citizenship were considered susceptible to foreign political influence. A2 Unit F965: Historical Interpretations and Investigations, Nazi Germany 1933-45, OCR GCSE History B Transports out of Nazi-occupied Europe continued until the declaration of war on 1 September 1939. Spector, Shmuel, and Geoffrey Wigoder, eds. Kindertransports (Rescue operations) --Great. Children without prearranged foster families were sheltered at temporary holding centres at summer holiday camps such as Dovercourt and Pakefield. Refugees, Jewish --Great Britain --Registers. In the UK, how decisions were made about where children should live / go to work / be trained? Was was in the suitcase the children brought? However, this became the exception, as most of the parents of the refugee children were murdered by the Nazis. Each child is portrayed with a different emotion representing the storm of emotions they must have felt at the end of their journey by train and then ship. Also, kindertransport.org/resources.aspx?cat=9 (which you've probably looked at) might be a good starting point. Print. Retrieved 2019-01-29. These rescue efforts brought thousands of refugee children, the vast majority of them Jewish, to Great Britain from Nazi Germany. London WC1B 5DP. There may be some information available at The National Archives described here which leads you to a searchable catalogue at http://www.movinghere.org.uk/default.htm. Displaying 17 of 7 matches for All Fields: kindertransport, Title (In English): Re-emigration became uncertain. There can be something very meaningful about finding documents with details, for example that your grandmother Esther left Berlin on a Kindertransport to London on January 15, 1939, or that on July 17, 1942 your mothers cousin Pauli was deported from Vienna to Auschwitz. [13], The first Kindertransport was organised and masterminded by Florence Nankivell. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution. The vast majority of these children were Jewish. Similar reports are coming in from all over the provinces and further synagogues have been burnt in Munich and Bamberg (FO 371/21696). Rucksacks over their backs and small handbags contained all the worldly possessions which they clung to as they trooped down the gangway more than two hours after the ship had berthed. Before they entered the country they received medical examinations and were deloused. Highlights include: Collection 1368 contains 166 Kinder memoirs organized alphabetically by the current name of the Kinder. [25] She could have joined the children, but chose to remain behind. Print. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, schools, and farms. Dubrovsky, Gertrude W. Six from Leipzig. PDF Kindertransport Fund Eligibility Criteria - Claims Conference The Sir Nicholas Winton Trust Holds an archive that contains information on the 669 children rescued from Prague by the Nicholas Winton group. Child welfare organizations in Great Britain arranged for the childrens care, education, and eventual emigration from Britain. Only a small number were interned. We understand that the document was prepared by W. H. Loewinsohn (who later changed his name to Friedl Low), Assistant Secretary to Nicky in London. As a result of the pogrom, the British government agreed to allow an unspecified number of unaccompanied children between the ages of 2 and 17 to come to the UK in a rescue movement that became known as the Kindertransport (Childrens Transport). They also gave priority to homeless children and orphans. which are held at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Agencies were flooded with requests from children seeking to find their parents, or any surviving member of their family. Many of the children who had arrived in earlier years were now young men, and so they were also interned. The Essential Link: The Story of Wilfrid Israel (2017), an Israeli documentary film by Yonatan Nir. Mailing list for the Kindertransport Association (KTA) contains nearly 100 addresses and names of individuals who have been part of (ID: 30223) Kindertransport Association. {:de}Fulda - Kindertransport Liste{:}{:en}Fulda - Kindertransport list{:} The Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center, England - Trasport via Southampton mit D. "Washington" ab Hamburg am 28.XII.1939 (ID: 40142), [GUARDIANSHIP (REFUGEE CHILDREN) ACT, 1944.] On 15 November 1938, five days after the devastation of Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass", in Germany and Austria, a delegation of British, Jewish, and Quaker leaders appealed, in person, to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Neville Chamberlain. It includes a part that discusses the initiation and launching of the Kindertransport, in which Wilfrid Israel played a significant part. Within months of Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933, tens of thousands of Jews left the country. It was narrated by Richard Attenborough, directed by Sue Read, and produced by Jim Goulding. continued contributions to Jewish genealogy. In 1940, British authorities interned as enemy aliens about 1,000 older children from the Kindertransport. War Cabinet (CAB) Includes records relating to the drafting of the 1943 Guardianship (Refugee Children) Bill and a copy of the drafted bill. The Jewish Community in Prague May have records on children from Czechoslovakia and their families. Info on arrivals of first Kindertransports. Ancestry.com. Click the DONE button to enter selected term to the search box. Tauris, 2011. This list is available through the Making New Lives website. As a result of Nazi persecution, there was a rise in the number of Jews wanting to emigrate as circumstances for Jews in Germany and its annexed countries changed. Items with shelf mark S3b are related to Jewish Refugees in Britain. (Photo by Fred Morley). Thank You any way, it is still worth a read. Education (ED) Correspondence about refugee children continuing into higher education or technical training and its funding. When Churchill's internment policy became known, there was a debate in Parliament. Website: Survivors Registry copy obtained ca. Do you think the order in which the letters is presented affects your reading of them. Mailing list for the Kindertransport Association (KTA) contains nearly 100 addresses and names of individuals who have been part of the Kindertransports. The Wiener Holocaust Library Between 1938 and 1939 some 10,000 children were sent without their parents from Nazi Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia to safety in Britain. Every child had to have a guarantee of 50 sterling to finance his or her eventual re-emigration, as it was expected the children would stay in the country only temporarily. Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database -- Mailing list for the [73], Jessica Reinisch notes how the British media and politicians alike allude to the Kindertransport in contemporary debates on refugee and migration crises. Papers from the Aliens Department. Dispatches from the Embassy in Rome regarding the position of Jews in Italy. She had collected 66 of the children from the orphanage on the Kalverstraat in Amsterdam, part of which had been serving as a home for refugees. Kindertransports (Rescue, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Q Please use the search function for your research (right above the table). Kindertransport - The National Archives Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. --Directories. Abel Smith, Edward (2017), "Active Goodness The True Story of How Trevor Chadwick, Doreen Warriner & Nicholas Winton Saved Thousands From The Nazis", Kwill Publishing, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 19:16. Tikz: Numbering vertices of regular a-sided Polygon, There exists an element in a group whose order is at most the number of conjugacy classes. Kindertransport | European history [1938-1940] | Britannica Kindertransport The Arrival, Liverpool Street station, London, Zge ins Leben Zge in den Tod: 19381939 - Trains to Life Trains to Death, Friedrichstrae station, Berlin, Die Abreise - The departure in front of Gdask Gwny station, Kindertransport Monument Hoek van Holland Channel Crossing to Life, Hook of Holland, Kindertransport Der letzte Abschied - The final parting, Hamburg Dammtor station, Harwich memorial Safe Haven by Ian Wolter, A number of members of Habonim, a Jewish youth movement inclined to socialism and Zionism, were instrumental in running the country hostels of South West England.