"Herbert Hoover and the HistoriansRecent Developments: A Review Essay", Jansky Jr, C. M. "The contribution of Herbert Hoover to broadcasting. Hoover did not completely refrain from the use of the military in Latin American affairs; he thrice threatened intervention in the Dominican Republic, and he sent warships to El Salvador to support the government against a left-wing revolution. [20][21] Hoover is an advocate for gay rights, including gay marriage, arguing that individual freedom and marriage are conservative values. This was the longest retirement in presidential history until Jimmy Carter broke that record in September 2012.[276]. "Hoover and the Indians: the Case for Continuity in Federal Indian Policy, 19001933". Herbert Hoover High School. [28] In 2014, she hosted the Toyota Solutions Studio at the Women In The World conference held at Lincoln Center, where she interviewed several participants. [162] In early 1930, Hoover acquired from Congress an additional $100 million to continue the Federal Farm Board lending and purchasing policies. The descendants of Andrew Hoover, born Andreas Huber, who came to the United States from the Palatinate in 1783 and established this Hoover line in America. 2 sons. Scholars contend the campaign meets modern legal standards of ethnic cleansing. [254] He stated in one report that "there is the illusion that the New Germany left after the annexations can be reduced to a 'pastoral state.' In 1929 Hoover assumed the presidency during a period of widespread economic stability. The original show aired on PBS for 33 years, the longest-running public affairs show in television history with a single host. [153] Some regulators and bankers had warned Coolidge and Hoover that a failure to curb speculation would lead to "one of the greatest financial catastrophes that this country has ever seen," but both presidents were reluctant to become involved with the workings of the Federal Reserve System, which regulated banks. [51]:9096,101102[52] He also helped increase copper production in Kyshtym, Russia, through the use of pyritic smelting. Here at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library-Museum, we often receive questions about other famous people named Hoover, and which Hoover did what. Contemporaries described Hoover's approach as a "third alternative" between "unrestrained capitalism" and socialism, which was becoming increasingly popular in Europe. While he clearly played important roles in the development of both the progressive and conservative traditions, neither side will embrace him for fear of contamination with the other. [23] In 2013, Hoover was a signatory to an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Supreme Court in support of same-sex marriage in Hollingsworth v. [3] Biographer Glen Jeansonne writes that Hoover was "one of the most extraordinary Americans of modern times," adding that Hoover "led a life that was a prototypical Horatio Alger story, except that Horatio Alger stories stop at the pinnacle of success". In large part due to his leadership during the flood crisis, by 1928, Hoover had begun to overshadow President Coolidge himself. ", Short, Brant. Herbert Hoover was the 31st President of the United States. Although disaster response did not fall under the duties of the Commerce Department, the governors of six states along the Mississippi River specifically asked President Coolidge to appoint Hoover to coordinate the response to the flood. [29][30], Hoover traveled constantly across the Outback to evaluate and manage the company's mines. He was one of the first graduates of the new Stanford University in 1895. [168] Progressive Republicans such as Senator William E. Borah of Idaho were outraged when Hoover signed the tariff act, and Hoover's relations with that wing of the party never recovered. Remembering the remarkable life of President Herbert Hoover [130] However, Hughes and Mellon declined to run, and other potential contenders like Frank Orren Lowden and Vice President Charles G. Dawes failed to garner widespread support. The second solution was to gain the reputation of a humanitarian, deeply concerned with the world's troubles, such as famine in Belgium, as well as specific American problems which he had solved as food commissioner during the world war. Stories about the children and their doting grandfather rarely made the news, however, because the President was opposed to human interest stories. [159], Though he attempted to put a positive spin on Black Tuesday, Hoover moved quickly to address the stock market collapse. [123] Hoover established over one hundred tent cities and a fleet of more than six hundred vessels, and raised $17 million (equivalent to $265.19million in 2021). [107] He endorsed much of Mellon's tax reduction program, but favored a more progressive tax system and opposed the treasury secretary's efforts to eliminate the estate tax. The Great Depression followed and eventually the unemployment rate reached about 25%. Hoover's elder brother Theodore also studied mining engineering at Stanford, and returned there to become dean of the engineering school. [237] In the general election, Hoover delivered numerous well-publicized speeches on behalf of Landon, but Landon was defeated by Roosevelt. [36] The Hoover family began living in London in 1902, though they frequently traveled as part of Hoover's career. People . [31][32] Hoover's show premiered on June 2, 2018, on WNET, which serves the New York metropolitan area, and is the largest PBS market in the country. [134], Hoover centered his campaign around the Republican record of peace and prosperity, as well as his own reputation as a successful engineer and public official. [110][111][112], Hoover was also influential in the early development of air travel, and he sought to create a thriving private industry boosted by indirect government subsidies. During the months that the grandchildren lived at the White House, it became a tradition for Peter and Peggy Ann to walk the President to and from the Oval Office every day, each child holding one of his hands. [239], During a 1938 trip to Europe, Hoover met with Adolf Hitler and stayed at Hermann Gring's hunting lodge. 3/10/1935 - 3/17/2023 Patricia Weaver Hill passed away peacefully with family by her side on March 17, 2023, just one week after her 88th birthday. [77] He carefully selected men to assist in the agency leadershipAlonzo Taylor (technical abilities), Robert Taft (political associations), Gifford Pinchot (agricultural influence), and Julius Barnes (business acumen). Perry. In response to continued attacks on his character and presidency, Hoover wrote more than two dozen books, including The Challenge to Liberty (1934), which harshly criticized Roosevelt's New Deal. [72] American diplomat Walter Page described Hoover as "probably the only man living who has privately (i.e., without holding office) negotiated understandings with the British, French, German, Dutch, and Belgian governments". Hoover hosts PBS's reboot of the conservative interview show Firing Line. [6][7] She also attended Davidson College for two years, but did not earn a degree there. His lectures at Columbia and Stanford universities were published in 1909 as Principles of Mining, which became a standard textbook. "[275] Two months earlier, on August 10, Hoover reached the age of 90, only the second U.S. president (after John Adams) to do so. [201] During the 1930s, approximately one million Mexican Americans were forcibly "repatriated" to Mexico; approximately sixty percent of those deported were birthright citizens. Their plan was to drastically cut back on output from British Malaya, which had the effect of tripling rubber prices. [150] Having seen the fruits of prosperity brought by technological progress, many shared Hoover's optimism, and the already bullish stock market climbed even higher on Hoover's accession. When the children would visit him while he was working, he would give them goodies from a stash he kept in his desk drawer. Hoover's work impressed his employers, and in 1898 he was promoted to junior partner. Jesse's blacksmith had grown to be very successful, and in 1878, Jesse Hoover sold the practice to open a farm implement store on the corner of Main and Downey Streets. Born on Monday, August 10, 1874 Menu. [129], Many wary Republican leaders cast about for an alternative candidate, such as Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon or former secretary of state Charles Evans Hughes. Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, but he grew up in Oregon. [216], In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, defeating the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and establishing Manchukuo, a puppet state. in New York, New York, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Herbert HOOVER (1874), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. 2 daughters. [93] During the post-war period, Hoover also served as the president of the Federated American Engineering Societies. ", "Journalists Margaret Hoover, Jackson Diehl Honored at Algemeiner Summer Benefit", Declassified: Untold Stories of American Spies, Presidential transition of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Birthplace and childhood home National Historic Site, Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hoover&oldid=1148410367, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 00:12. [100] Hoover's progressive stances, continuing support for the League of Nations, and recent conversion to the Republican Party aroused opposition to his appointment from many Senate Republicans. In 1930, he released the Clark Memorandum, a rejection of the Roosevelt Corollary and a move towards non-interventionism in Latin America. Herbert Hoover, mining engineer, humanitarian, statesman, and 31st President of the United States, was born August 10, 1874, in a simple two-room cottage in West Branch, Iowa. Beginning in December 1902, the company faced mounting legal and financial issues after one of the partners admitted to having fraudulently sold stock in a mine. Herbert HOOVER Obituary (1919 - 2015) - Kettering, OH - Legacy.com He felt that his grandchildren, like any of his personal affairs, were not for public view. Hoover spoke each He married his Stanford sweetheart, Lou Henry, and. His father was a blacksmith and farm implement store owner, and both his parents were Quakers. [40] They have a son, Jack, born in 2013, and a daughter, Toula Lou, born in 2015.[41][42]. [3][4] She received primary education at Graland Country Day School, an independent co-educational day school in Denver. A Very Hoover Holiday - White House Historical Association Margaret Ann Hoover (born 1926-2011). [214] As a result of Hoover's efforts, the United States and other major naval powers signed the 1930 London Naval Treaty. [198], As part of his efforts to limit unemployment, Hoover sought to cut immigration to the United States, and in 1930 he promulgated an executive order requiring individuals to have employment before migrating to the United States. [a] His father, Jesse Hoover, was a blacksmith and farm implement store owner of German, Swiss, and English ancestry. Hoover's retirement was over 31 years long, one of the longest presidential retirements. [253] Because of Hoover's experience with Germany at the end of World War I, in 1946 Truman selected the former president to tour Allied-occupied Germany and Rome, Italy to ascertain the food needs of the occupied nations. Permission was sought from former President Herbert Hoover to use his name on the building. [105] A high priority was economic diplomacy, including promoting the growth of exports, as well as protection against monopolistic practices of foreign governments, especially regarding rubber and coffee. . ", Herbert Brucker, "How Long, O Prohibition? [266] Hoover took the pension even though he did not need the money, possibly to avoid embarrassing Truman, whose precarious financial status played a role in the law's enactment. Herbert Hoover. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election and defeated Democratic candidate Al Smith in a landslide. Plain Township, Stark County, OH, United States. Hoover was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Charles University in Prague and University of Helsinki in March 1938. [286] Like many of his peers Hoover considered Whites to be inherently superior to Blacks in most spheres and that interracial marriages were bad; however, he did think education and work would improve Blacks, hence his support for the Tuskegee Institute. [17] Hoover attended Friends Pacific Academy (now George Fox University), but dropped out at the age of thirteen to become an office assistant for his uncle's real estate office (Oregon Land Company)[18] in Salem, Oregon. After a brief stay with one of his grandmothers in Kingsley, Iowa, Herbert lived for the next 18 months with his uncle Allen Hoover in West Branch. [270] The book was published in 2012 after being edited by historian George H. [146] He appointed a Cabinet consisting largely of wealthy, business-oriented conservatives,[147] including Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon. Two minor planets, 932 Hooveria[288] and 1363 Herberta, are named in his honor. Another school year is ending across America. Christmas 1931 had a somber tone as much of the country was suffering under the effects of the Great Depression. [252], Following World War II, Hoover befriended President Harry S. Truman despite their ideological differences. In the history books, the stock market and urban unemployment often take center stage, leaving aside the hardships of rural . He enrolled at Stanford University when it opened in 1891, graduating as a mining engineer. This is a brief genealogy of Herbert Hoover's family, starting with his parents. Britannica Quiz Hoover scapegoated Mexican Americans for the Depression, and approximately one million were forcibly "repatriated" to Mexico in a forced migration campaign known as the Mexican Repatriation. [8] Along the way, Hoover studied Spanish-language literature and Mandarin Chinese. After the Wickersham Report was published in 1931, Hoover rejected the advice of some of his closest allies and refused to endorse any revision of the Volstead Act or the Eighteenth Amendment, as he feared doing so would undermine his support among Prohibition advocates. University of . "[265] In 1958, Congress passed the Former Presidents Act, offering a $25,000 yearly pension (equivalent to $234,804 in 2021) to each former president. Family tree of Herbert HOOVER - Geneastar [36] They would remain married until Lou Henry Hoover's death in 1944. Hoover was appointed as the committee's chair and, with the assent of Congress and the Wilson administration, took charge of the distribution of relief to Americans in Europe. [187] As these measures failed to stem the economic crisis, Hoover signed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act, a $2 billion public works bill, in July 1932. Margaret Claire Hoover (born December 11, 1977) is an American conservative political commentator, political strategist, media personality, author, and great-granddaughter of Herbert Hoover, the 31st U.S. [174] In response to the collapse of the German economy, Hoover marshaled congressional support behind a one-year moratorium on European war debts. [91] When asked if he was not helping Bolshevism by providing relief, Hoover stated, "twenty million people are starving. [116] First came the image of the dispassionate scientist, emotionally uninvolved but always committed to finding and implementing the best possible solution. [286] His White House did break the color bar by inviting Jessie De Priest, wife of the first Black congressman elected in several decades, to a traditional tea for the wives of congressmen as well as later inviting the Tuskegee Institute choir (then under the direction of William Dawson).[287]. [75] Hoover had hoped to join the administration in some capacity since at least 1916, and he obtained the position after lobbying several members of Congress and Wilson's confidant, Edward M. [36] According to the National Review, "the reincarnation of Firing Line comes at an interesting time, and a needful one". Like most other citizens of West Branch, Jesse and Hulda were Quakers. According to Professor David E. Hamilton, historians have credited Hoover for his genuine belief in voluntarism and cooperation, as well as the innovation of some of his programs. Listed below are details on up to five generations of descendants. Hoover described the New Deal's National Recovery Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration as "fascistic", and he called the 1933 Banking Act a "move to gigantic socialism". [126] Along with the rest of the nation, he was surprised when Coolidge announced in August 1927 that he would not seek another term. When the Hoover Administration ended in 1933, the kids furniture was put into storage and eventually sold off or given away years later. Herbert Hoover: Family Life By David E. Hamilton President Herbert Hoover worked extremely hard, sometimes putting in eighteen-hour days at the office. [277] President Lyndon Johnson and First Lady Ladybird Johnson attended, along with former presidents Truman and Eisenhower. [10] Hoover's mother died in 1884 of typhoid, leaving Hoover, his older brother, Theodore, and his younger sister, May, as orphans. [155] The causes of the Great Depression remain a matter of debate,[156] but Hoover viewed a lack of confidence in the financial system as the fundamental economic problem facing the nation. Herbert had one brother and one sister. Herbert Hoover National Historic Site - Wikipedia [233] As Coolidge, Harding, Wilson, and Taft had all died during the 1920s or early 1930s and Roosevelt died in office, Hoover was the sole living former president from 1933 to 1953. [144] The first major bill that he signed, the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, established the Federal Farm Board in order to stabilize farm prices. The act also doubled the top estate tax rate, cut personal income tax exemptions, eliminated the corporate income tax exemption, and raised corporate tax rates. Louise Brooke Hoover (1908-1985), married to Ernest Dunbar, Harold Fouts, Kenneth Stevenson, William Hauselt. [3] Polls of historians and political scientists have generally ranked Hoover in the bottom third of presidents. Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874. Parent and Family Engagement Policy; For Students" Community Service; Student Handbook; Register to Vote; Counseling; College and Career Division Resources; Tornado Media; Yearbook; . [63] Hoover later stated, "I did not realize it at the moment, but on August 3, 1914, my career was over forever. He initially sought to avoid committing to any party in the 1920 election, hoping that either of the two major parties would draft him for president at their national conventions. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration. Title, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library Association. [24], Hoover is opposed to Donald Trump. In his nine major radio addresses Hoover primarily defended his administration and his philosophy of government, urging voters to hold to the "foundations of experience" and reject the notion that government interventionism could save the country from the Depression. These policies were dubbed "Hooverizing" by government publicists, in spite of Hoover's continual orders that publicity should not mention him by name. formId: "efb0c531-3778-431e-bef8-0350280cc02e", 1951 in New York. [73][74], War upon Germany was declared in April 1917, and American food was essential to Allied victory. It is a tragedy. It cannot be done unless we exterminate or move 25,000,000 people out of it. Afterwards, Hoover's wife, Lou Henry Hoover, who had been buried in Palo Alto, California, following her death in 1944, was re-interred beside him. [136] In the South, Hoover and the national party pursued a "lily-white" strategy, removing black Republicans from leadership positions in an attempt to curry favor with white Southerners. [217] In response to the Japanese invasion, Hoover and Secretary of State Stimson outlined the Stimson Doctrine, which held that the United States would not recognize territories gained by force. Born in an Iowa village in 1874, he grew up in Oregon. [185] The same month the RFC was established, Hoover signed the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, establishing 12 district banks overseen by a Federal Home Loan Bank Board in a manner similar to the Federal Reserve System. American political commentator (born 1977), "Fox News contributor Margaret Hoover defends her great-grandfather: President Hoover", "William F. Buckley's 'Firing Line' Returns With Margaret Hoover", "Grade 7: Celebrity Alumna Returns to Campus", "In American Individualism, Margaret Hoover '01 Advises Republican Party on Attracting Young Voters", "Margaret Hoover: A New Generation of Conservatives and the Future of the Republican Party", "Margaret Hoover and John Avlon on their Post-Partisan Marriage", "How Abortion, Legitimate Rape, and Mom-in-Chief Will Affect the Election", "Great-granddaughter of Hoover engaged to Giuliani speechwriter", "Members of the Board of Directors 2016: Officers", "Gay group in conservatives' gathering splits GOP", "Conservative commentator Margaret Hoover says she will 'quite likely' vote for Biden", "The conservative case for gay marriage: GOP is not the party of intolerance", "The Pro-Freedom Republicans Are Coming: 131 Sign Gay Marriage Brief", "CPAC 2012 moves away from gay conservatives and closer to the politics of hate", "Margaret Hoover Joins CNN as Political Contributor", "Register of the Firing Line (Television Program) broadcast records", "WGBH Boston and Thirteen/WNET New York, Two of America's Largest Public Broadcasters, Join Forces to Launch World and Create - Two New Digital Channels Serving Viewers Across the Northeast", "Is America Ready for Kinder, Gentler Political TV? 3 children. He believed that African Americans and other races could improve themselves with education and individual initiative. [271], Hoover faced three major illnesses during the last two years of his life, including an August 1962 operation in which a growth on his large intestine was removed. That he took these beliefs to heart became evident when he emerged from the carnage of the First World War as an American and . "[255] On Hoover's initiative, a school meals program in the American and British occupation zones of Germany was begun on April 14, 1947; the program served 3,500,000 children. "Three-quarters of the bill will be sent to the average man and the poor," he said in a speech. Herbert Hoover - Page 4 - Hoover Heads Sort By: [278] Hoover was the last surviving member of the Harding and Coolidge Cabinets. Another School Year Comes to an End. [124] He did so with the cooperation of African-American leader Robert Russa Moton, who was promised unprecedented influence once Hoover became president. Hoover's chief goal as food czar was to provide supplies to the Allied Powers, but he also sought to stabilize domestic prices and to prevent domestic shortages. [138] Historians agree that Hoover's national reputation and the booming economy, combined with deep splits in the Democratic Party over religion and Prohibition, guaranteed his landslide victory. [164], Hoover had taken office hoping to raise agricultural tariffs in order to help farmers reeling from the farm crisis of the 1920s, but his attempt to raise agricultural tariffs became connected with a bill that broadly raised tariffs. There was a formal Hoover family reunion at Rapidan Camp in 1990, organized by the Hoover Presidential Foundation. [56], During his senior year at Stanford, Hoover became smitten with a classmate named Lou Henry, though his financial situation precluded marriage at that time. He also agreed to manage a separate mine in the Altai Mountains that, according to Hoover, "developed probably the greatest and richest single body of ore known in the world". The Theodore J. Hoover Natural Preserve is now part of Big Basin State Park. [12][13], In November 1885, Hoover was sent to Newberg, Oregon, to live with his uncle John Minthorn, a Quaker physician and businessman whose own son had died the year before. He encouraged the development of emergency landing fields, required all runways to be equipped with lights and radio beams, and encouraged farmers to make use of planes for crop dusting. [85] He also established the European Children's Fund, which provided relief to fifteen million children across fourteen countries. [24] The daughter of a banker from Monterey, California, Lou Henry decided to study geology at Stanford after attending a lecture delivered by John Branner. [30], Hoover hosts Firing Line with Margaret Hoover, a relaunch of National Review founder William F. Buckley Jr.'s public-affairs television show, Firing Line. For the first nine years of his life, he lived in the small town of West Branch, Iowa, the place of his birth. The Hoover family, Allan, Herbert, Lou and Herbert Jr., visit the birth place of Herbert Hoover in West Branch, IA. Sally, as she was known then to her family and friends, and family moved to . [220], By mid-1931 few observers thought that Hoover had much hope of winning a second term in the midst of the ongoing economic crisis. In March 1879, the family moved to the House of the Maples, a two-story frame house. Hoover energetically gave a series of speeches and interviews denouncing the monopolistic practice, and demanding that it be ended. The building was constructed on a 60-acre tract owned by Fred Bunting. portalId: 20973928, Herbert Charles Hoover (1903-1969), married 1925 to Margaret Ava Watson (1905-1983). Herbert Hoover - Wikipedia [170] A series of bank failures in late 1930 heralded a larger collapse of the economy in 1931. After she cabled back her acceptance of the proposal, Hoover briefly returned to the United States for their wedding. Hoover and his family moved to Stone County in 1967. When President and Mrs. Hoover purchased the cottage in 1935 . The American auto industry consumed 70% of the world's output, but British investors controlled much of the supply. [2], Hoover was born in Colorado, the daughter of Jean (Williams), a flight attendant, and Andrew Hoover, a mining engineer. Thomas Herbert Mathewson (1926-1962) FamilySearch Your email address will not be published. [152] Most dangerous of all to the economy was excessive speculation that had raised stock prices far beyond their value. Hoover was born in the town of West Branch, Iowa. [121], The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 broke the banks and levees of the lower Mississippi River in early 1927, resulting in the flooding of millions of acres and leaving 1.5 million people displaced from their homes. (1936). A self-made man who became rich as a mining engineer, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. He created many sub-departments and committees, overseeing and regulating everything from manufacturing statistics to air travel. The Democrats attacked Hoover as the cause of the Great Depression, and for being indifferent to the suffering of millions. [128] Despite his lukewarm feelings towards Hoover, Coolidge had no desire to split the party by publicly opposing the popular Commerce Secretary's candidacy. The American State Department wanted no such crisis and compromised the issue in 1926. [7] Herbert's family figured prominently in the town's public prayer life, due almost entirely to mother Hulda's role in the church. My warmest sympathy and best wishes for your recovery. In September, 1930, Herbert Jr. was diagnosed with tuberculosis and entered a sanatorium in North Carolina. Allan Henry Hoover (1907-1993), married 1937 to Margaret Coberly (1911-2009). When he was 11, Herbert was sent to Newberg, Oregon, to live with Hulda's brother, Dr. Henry John Minthorn, and his family Herbert attended the . [108], Between 1923 and 1929, the number of families with radios grew from 300,000 to 10 million,[109] and Hoover's tenure as Secretary of Commerce heavily influenced radio use in the United States. [100] While some of the most prominent members of the Harding administration, including Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and Secretary of Interior Albert B. Conditions were harsh in the goldfields; Hoover described the Coolgardie and Murchison rangelands on the edge of the Great Victoria Desert as a land of "black flies, red dust and white heat". 5 children. "[85] Reflecting the gratitude of many Europeans, in July 1922, Soviet author Maxim Gorky told Hoover that "your help will enter history as a unique, gigantic achievement, worthy of the greatest glory, which will long remain in the memory of millions of Russians whom you have saved from death".